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HIH3628 - Civil Wars

2013/4 Module description

Staff	Dr Claire McCallum - Lecturer Dr Timothy Rees - Lecturer Professor Martin Thomas - Convenor
Credit Value	30
ECTS Value	15
NQF Level	6
Pre-requisites	n/a
Co-requisites	n/a
Duration of Module	Term 1: 11 weeks; Term 2: 11 weeks;

Module description

This module explores the form and nature of civil wars, and the attempts at reconciliation that have followed them. The transformative effects of civil wars are explored, from the level of individual experience to national identities, from state formation to state disintegration. One aim of this module is to explore the logics of violence which drive these conflicts. The relationship between civil wars and other forms of conflict, such as inter-state conflict, insurgencies, anti-colonial liberation wars and genocide, will be analysed. The module also explores attempts at reconciliation in the aftermath of conflict, and how violence is memorialized. Spanning different examples of civil war across America, Europe, Asia and Africa, this module seeks to compare the ways in which civil wars have occurred and been understood in different contexts.

Module aims

This module is designed to enhance students’ understanding of recurring themes in the history of civil wars in comparative contexts. It will be taught by two or three different tutors, and exact chronological and thematic focus will depend on which tutors are teaching the module in any given year. The module will evaluate key topics such as the changing forms and nature of civil war, the role of civilians in conflict, war crimes, concepts of population security and the logics of violence, and post-war reconciliation and commemoration. It will predominantly focus on nineteenth to twenty-first century conflicts in settings ranging from the USA, Latin America, Russia and China to Europe, south Asia and Africa. The module will also introduce students to the approaches of military, political, economic, social and cultural history, as well as inter-disciplinary perspectives drawn from conflict studies. It will engage with a variety of different historical source materials, from military records to visual propaganda, memoirs, reportage and humanitarian documentation. By using a combination of tutor-led seminars and lectures, student-led seminars and independent study, the module will enable students to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of taking a comparative approach to the study of civil war.  In this way students will learn to draw thematic comparisons between material from different sources, show awareness of contrasting approaches to research, and demonstrate an enhanced understanding of some of the philosophical questions arising from research into large historical themes.  They will also learn to present some of these complex issues to the rest of the class by leading a seminar in the second half of the course.

ILO: Module-specific skills

• 1. Analyse developments in the history of civil wars, and compare examples across a variety of historical time-periods and contexts.
• 2. Compare and explain key historiographical developments in the history of civil wars across different societies and periods, and relate them to an overall conception of the subject.
• 3. Evaluate carefully and critically the approaches that historians and scholars working in other disciplines have taken to civil war.
• 4. Define suitable research topics for independent study/student-led seminars in the history of law and justice, evaluating different and complex types of historical source and historiography.
• 5. Demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of comparative methodological approaches in historical research more generally.

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

• 6. Analyse the key developments in complex and unfamiliar political, social, cultural or intellectual environments.
• 7. Identify and deploy correct terminology in a comprehensible manner; use primary sources in a professional manner; present work in the format expected of historians, including footnoting and bibliographical references.
• 8. Assess critically different approaches to history in a contested area.

ILO: Personal and key skills

• 9. Work both in a team and independently.
• 10. Digest, select and organise material to produce, to a deadline, a coherent and cogent argument, developed through the mode of assessment.
• 11. As a team, lead a group discussion of a historical topic.

Syllabus plan

Weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9: Five sessions covering methodological and conceptual issues relating to civil wars and insurgencies, case studies, and set-up for student-led seminars.  Each session will be taught through one 2-hour seminar and one 1-hour lecture. The lectures will focus on worked examples or case studies from the tutor’s own area of specialism and suggest questions and themes which could be explored comparatively by the students themselves.  The seminars will explore particular issues in more depth, through case studies or discussion of particular sources and historiographical debates.  They will also lay the foundations for the student-led seminars in the second half of the course. Topics covered will vary according to tutor availability.

Weeks 11, 13, 15, 17, 19: Five 2-hour seminars led by groups of 2 or 3 students on topics chosen from a selection of case studies offered by tutors. Topics will vary according to tutor availability and student choice.  Alongside these, there will be five 1-hour lectures, as for Weeks 1-9 above.

Week 21: Concluding session: discussion of overarching issues and comparative points.

Potential lecture topics include (these will vary depending on staff expertise):

1)     Introductions: what is a civil war and who fights in it?

2)     Causes of civil wars – ‘greed’ v ‘grievance’?

3)    ‘New’ v. ‘Old’ Wars?

4)     Rebels and Revolutionaries

5)     Patterns of violence in civil war

6)     International intervention in civil wars

7)     Civilians and Civil War

8)     Making peace

9)     Post-conflict reconciliation

10)  Memory and commemoration of civil wars

11)  Conclusions

 

Potential seminar topics include (these will vary depending on staff expertise)

1)     Technologies of Conflict

2)     Recruitment

3)     War Crimes

4)     Child Combatants

5)     Gender in Civil Wars

6)     Resource Conflicts –Oil, Land, Blood Diamonds

7)     Humanitarianism, Human Rights and Civil War

8)     War Propaganda

9)     Memoirs

10)  International Intervention in Civil Wars

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	Guided independent study	Placement / study abroad
33	267	0

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Category	Hours of study time	Description
Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	11	11x 1 hour lectures to run on alternate weeks over both terms, as described in syllabus plan above.
Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	12	6 x 2 hour tutor led seminars to run in weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 21, as described in syllabus plan above.
Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	10	5 x 2 hour seminars in weeks 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. Each led by a group of 2 or 3 students. Topics should be chosen from a menu of subjects agreed in advance by tutors. While tutors give guidance and a basic reading list, students are responsible for designing seminar activities and identifying further reading materials.
Guided independent study	267	Students prepare for seminars, essay, final report and exam through reading and research; they also work in groups to lead seminars based on projects that have been developed.

Formative assessment

Form of assessment	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Lead a seminar	2 hours	1-11	Verbal from tutor and students

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Coursework	Written exams	Practical exams
50	50	0

Details of summative assessment

Form of assessment	% of credit	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Essay	25	3000 words	1-8, 10	Verbal and written
Report based on group seminar	25	1500 words (written by student individually) describing and reflecting on seminar activities and discussion, plus handout or powerpoint from seminar (not more than 2 sides of A4) and seminar reading list (not more than 1 side of A4)	1-11	Verbal and written
Open-note exam	50	2 questionsin 2 hours	1-8, 10	Written

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Original form of assessment	Form of re-assessment	ILOs re-assessed	Timescale for re-assessment
Essay	Essay (3000 words)	1-8, 10	Referral/deferral period
Report	Report (1500 words (written by student individually) describing and reflecting on seminar activities and discussion, plus handout or powerpoint from seminar (not more than 2 sides of A4) and seminar reading list (not more than 1 side of A4)	1-11	Referral/deferral period
Open-note exam	Open-note exam (2 questions in 2 hours)	1-8, 10	Referral/deferral period

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

• Branch, D. Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Insurgency, Civil War and Decolonization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
• Casanova, J. The Spanish Civil War (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012).
• Collier, P. & Sambanis, N (eds.) Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis (Washington: World Bank, 2005).
• Connelly, M. A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria’s Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
• Cramer, C. Civil War is Not a Stupid Thing: Accounting for Violence in Developing Countries(London: Hurst & Co. 2006).
• Farmers, A. The American Civil War 1848-1865 (London: Hodder, 2006)
• Giustozzi, A. The Art of Coercion (London: Hurst, 2011)
• Kalyvas, S. The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
• Race, J. War Comes to Long An: Revolutionary Conflict in a Vietnamese Province (Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press, 1973).
• Reno, W. Warfare in African History. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). 
• Richards, P. Fighting for the Rainforest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone (London: Heinemann, 2006).
• Schmidt, E. Foreign Intervention in Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
• Turner, T. The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, Reality (London: Zed Books, 2007).
• Westad, O. A. Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).
• Wood, E. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003).

Module has an active ELE page?

Yes

Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources

• Institute for Security Studies, http://www.issafrica.org/ 
• Human Rights Watch http://www.hrw.org/
• International Crisis Group http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm  
• Data on armed conflict http://www.prio.no/Data/Armed-Conflict/
• UCDP Conflict Encyclopaedia http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/search.php
• UN Peacekeeping https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/
• Russia's Great War and Revolution Project, 1914-1922: http://web.ku.edu/~russiasgreatwar/cgi-bin/index.php

Available as distance learning?

No

Origin date

13/02/2013

Last revision date

13/02/2013

Key words search

Civil war, violence, conflict